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Free Blacks of Orange County: Just who were they?

Writer's picture: Zann NelsonZann Nelson

Aug 26, 2016 Orange County Review

As I stated in last week’s column, it will take some time to flesh out the lives and the laws that impacted the rights or lack thereof for free black men and women in Virginia during the long period of slavery. Were their marriages legally recognized? Could they own property or a business? Will the research reveal that they were indeed better off than those enslaved and in what manner or did they live a life that was constantly threatened and possibly on the brink of enslavement?


While I research the answers to those questions, let me share an important finding. Searching the 1860 Census records, an estimated 135 free black persons have been identified complete with given and surnames; gender; approximate birth year and place of residence as in who were their neighbors.


No doubt many of the names will be familiar, despite some very odd spellings. Please, keep in mind that the names are reported here just as they were written in the census. Thinking about challenging dialects and that the majority of those interviewed by census takers, white and black could not read or write and certainly could not spell, it is understandable that the names would become corrupted from one’s lips to another’s pencil on paper.


I can guess at some of the stranger spellings but would welcome suggestions! It will be a grand adventure to learn and tell their stories.

Boner, Margarett

Bonnur, Minerva

Bonnur, John

Borener, Luckey

Borener, Anderson

Bromer, Nancy

Bromer, James

Bromer, Frank

Bromer, Caroline

Bromer, Thomas

Bromer, Jack

Bundy, Wm

Bundy, Jane

Bundy, James

Camel, Azgy

Camel, Wenney

Camel, Absalom

Camel, Geo

Camel, Ann

Camel, Marry

Camel, Alexander

Camel, Wesley

Camel, Thomas

Camel, George

Camel, George W

Camel, Allem

Camel, Wm

Camel, Alfred

Camel, Sally

Camel, Alfred

Camel, Son

Camel, Paul

Camel, Ben

Camel, Mary

Camel, Anderson

Camel, Robert

Camel, Theodore

Camel, Isabella

Camel, Robt

Camel, Thomas

Camel, Belgrow

Camel, George

Camel, Jane

Campbell, Hten

Campbell, Thomas

Clark, Nichola

Clark, Elisabeth

Clark, Son

Clark, Mary E

Clark, James

Clark, Cath

Clark, Allen

Clark, Martha

Clark, Isaac

Clark, Robert

Cooks, Elijas

Cooks, Henry

Cooks, Elias

Dorndexter, Thos

Fecher, Herald

Frazer, Lindy

Friman, Lusern

Friman, Thomas

Fruge, Amanda

Fruge, Silas

Fruge, Henry

Fruge, George

Gitter, Thomas C

Guins, Fedding

Jackson, Amanda

Jackson, Betty

Jackson, Ellen

Jackson, William

Jackson, Abraham

Jackson, Walter

Jackson, Henry

Jackson, Hamilton J

Jackson, Edmonia

Jackson, Malinda

Jennings, B

Johner, Andrew

Johnson, Sally

Johnson, Sally

Johnson, Jack

Johnson, June

Johnson, Lill

Johnson, Clary

Johnson, Clara

Johnson, Clary

Johnson, Frances

Johnson, John

Johnson, John

Johnson, Bundal

Johnson, Edward

Johnson, Randal

Johnson, Edward

Johnson, Kesse

Johnson, Lizzie

Johnson, Lucy

Johnson, Bessy

Johnson, Belly

Johnson, George

Johnson, Elisa

Johnson, Lucy

Johnson, Luius

Johnson, Frederick

Johnson, Sarah

Johnson, Wm

Jones, Walter

Jones, Catharine

Jones, James

Jones, Wm

Luces, Lawrence

Luce, Jerre A

Luces, Sully E

Lucus, James

Luers, James H

Luers, Lawrence

Mason, Jane

Mason, Ann

Maus, James

McIntosh,Wm

Miner, James

Miner, Cath

Miner, Nancy

Porndester, Lucy A

Webb, Robt

White, Sarah

Until next week, be well!

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